題目性質:自編仿真題——題目、材料、選項、數據與情境均為按課程標準與聯招常見考點獨立編寫的原創仿真題,非真題原文,未取自任何題庫、教輔或試卷;解析與採分點為教研整理,非官方評分標準。
一、考點定位與做題順序
這類空先看兩件事:① 從句內容是什麼性質(主張、既成事實、自我讓步、數據出處、決定);② 主語和上下文給了什麼態度線索(「opinions differed」提示有人立論,「already tried」提示指出事實,「finally」提示作出決定)。動詞選錯,句子語法仍然通順,但語氣全錯——這正是它適合做完形的原因。
五條分寸先記住:argue 擺理由立主張;point out 指出對方可能沒注意到的事實;admit 承認(常帶讓步,承認的多半對自己立場略有不利);cite 引用數據/出處(cite figures / data / a source);agree to do 同意做某事。另外 claim 常隱含「自稱、未必可信」,quote 是引原話而非引數據。下面短文為自編示意文本。
二、逐題精講
題1
題1 完形填空(五空,單選)
自編短文:When our class discussed a longer reading hour, opinions differed. Li Ming (1) that two hours would be too long for younger students. Ms. Lin (2) that the library had already tried a shorter version in May. Several students who had first objected (3) they had stayed longer on rainy days. One monitor (4) the figures from the sign-in sheet, and the head teacher finally (5) to let each class decide its own hours.
(1) A. argued B. denied C. whispered D. wondered
(2) A. pointed out B. insisted C. doubted D. regretted
(3) A. admitted B. denied C. claimed D. demanded
(4) A. cited B. recited C. quoted D. copied
(5) A. agreed B. refused C. hesitated D. pretended
解析
(1) A argued:前句「opinions differed」定下討論場,從句「兩小時對低年級太長」是一個帶理由的主張,用 argue that…;denied(否認)後接否定性內容、whispered 與討論語境不符、wondered 後接 whether / 疑問詞,不接陳述性 that 從句表主張。(2) A pointed out:從句是「圖書館五月已試過較短版本」這一既成事實,且用於回應前一句的擔憂,用 point out(指出);insisted 表堅持主張(與「已試過」的事實陳述不同)、doubted 表懷疑、regretted 表遺憾,語氣全不合。(3) A admitted:主語是「who had first objected」(起初反對的人),後文卻說自己在雨天待得更久,這是帶讓步的自我承認,用 admitted;claimed 雖也接 that,但含「自稱、未必可信」,與本處「承認對自己立場不利的事實」不符;denied 語義相反、demanded 後接虛擬/要求,不搭配。(4) A cited:賓語是the figures from the sign-in sheet(數據),固定搭配 cite figures / data;quote 用於引用原話,recited 是背誦,copied 是抄寫,均不表「以數據為據」。(5) A agreed:agree to do sth 表同意做某事,與 finally 及「let each class decide」這一最終決定相合;refused 語義相反,hesitated to do 表猶豫、pretended to do 表假裝,都不構成決定。
全文回譯:班裡討論延長閱讀時長時,意見不一。李明主張兩小時對低年級學生太長。林老師指出,圖書館五月已經試過較短的方案。幾位起初反對的同學承認,下雨天自己其實待得更久。一位班長引用了簽到表上的數據,最後班主任同意讓各班自行決定時長。
答案 (1) A (2) A (3) A (4) A (5) A(五空依次為 argued / pointed out / admitted / cited / agreed)
採分點 每空 1 分:答案 0.5 分、語氣或搭配依據 0.5 分;(1)(3)(4) 三空須寫出「主張/讓步/數據」等依據才給滿分。
易錯點 (1) 選 wondered(忽略 that 從句是陳述性主張);(2) 選 insisted(不辨「指出事實」與「堅持主張」);(3) 選 claimed(不辨 admit 的讓步色彩);(4) 選 quoted(cite 與 quote 混用);(5) 選 hesitated(忽略 finally 與決定的語義)。
題2
題2 語氣辨析與搭配(填空)
用 say / claim / suggest / admit / cite / quote 填空,每詞限用一次(自編句子):
① The notice ____ that the room closes at eight.(中性轉述)
② He ____ to have read the whole book in one night, but nobody could verify it.(自稱,帶保留)
③ She ____ keeping a shorter trial period first.(提議,後接動名詞)
④ I ____ that I had been wrong about the timetable.(承認)
⑤ The report ____ three years of attendance figures.(引用數據)
⑥ The article ____ Ms. Lin directly: "Let the data speak."(引用原話)
解析
① says(中性轉述,不帶態度色彩;主語第三人稱單數加 -s)。② claimed:後句「nobody could verify it」正是 claim 的保留信號——自稱、未必可信。③ suggested:suggest doing sth 表提議,注意 suggest 不接 to do,也不接「suggest sb to do」。④ admitted:承認自己此前錯了,帶讓步。⑤ cited:賓語是數據(attendance figures),用 cite;不寫 quoted。⑥ quoted:後面是帶引號的原話,用 quote sb directly。
一組對照記牢:say=中性轉述;claim=自稱、可信度留有餘地;suggest=提議(接 doing / that 從句用虛擬);admit=承認(多為對自己略不利的事實);cite=引數據/出處;quote=引原話。做完這類題可回讀一遍,檢查「說話人對內容的態度」是否和上下文一致。
答案 ① says ② claimed ③ suggested ④ admitted ⑤ cited ⑥ quoted
採分點 每空 1 分;須說明 claim 的保留色彩、suggest 接動名詞、cite/quote 分工,共 3 分。
易錯點 ② 填 said(丟掉「未必可信」的保留語氣);③ 填 suggested to keep(suggest 不接不定式);⑤ 填 quoted(把數據當原話);⑥ 填 cited(把原話當數據);① 漏第三人稱單數 -s。
三、規律小結與對照表
| 動詞 | 語氣/可信度 | 典型搭配 |
|---|---|---|
| say | 中性轉述 | say that… |
| claim | 自稱,常隱含「未必可信」 | claim to have done / claim that… |
| suggest | 提議;或含蓄暗示 | suggest doing / suggest that … (should) do |
| admit | 承認(帶讓步) | admit that… / admit doing |
| argue | 擺理由立主張 | argue that… / argue for/against |
| point out | 指出對方未注意到的事實 | point out that… |
| cite / quote | 引數據出處 / 引原話 | cite figures, data, a source / quote sb directly |
| agree | 同意(決定) | agree to do / agree with sb / agree on sth |
這類空的判據不在語法,而在「說話人站在哪一邊、對內容信幾分」:先判從句是主張、事實、讓步還是數據,再挑動詞;最後回讀一句,看態度與上下文(如 first objected、finally)能不能接上。本篇短文、選項與解析均為原創自編示意內容。
四、自測清單
- 圈出主語的立場線索(first objected / opinions differed / finally)
- 判從句內容性質:主張→argue,事實→point out,讓步→admit,數據→cite
- 見「nobody could verify」優先試 claim,別用 said
- suggest 後接動名詞或虛擬 that 從句,不接 to do
- cite 配 figures/data/source,quote 配直接引語
- 五空填完通讀全段,檢查人物態度是否前後一致