題目性質:自編仿真題——題目、材料、選項、數據與情境均為按課程標準與聯招常見考點獨立編寫的原創仿真題,非真題原文,未取自任何題庫、教輔或試卷;解析與採分點為教研整理,非官方評分標準。
一、考點定位與做題順序
這類空的判斷順序和詞義題相反:先看空格兩邊的形式,再選詞。看到後面是 形容詞比較級 + than,先問「誰能修飾比較級」;看到 not ___ adj. 且後文有對照,先想同級比較的否定式 not as … as;看到空格後接動詞原形且前面有 than,基本鎖定 rather than。
三個高頻硬規則先擺出來:① very / quite / too / so 不修飾比較級,能修飾的是 far / much / even / still / a lot / a bit;② 不可數名詞用 less,可數複數用 fewer;③ 倍數三寫法:twice as many as、twice more than(易混,不推薦)、twice what 從句。下面短文為自編示意文本,情境與數據均為示意。
二、逐題精講
題1
題1 完形填空(五空,單選)
自編短文:Our reading room was refitted last term. The new lamps are (1) brighter than the old ones, yet they use (2) electricity. Ms. Lin said the change was made (3) for comfort than for looks: a reader should be able to stay (4) two hours without eye strain. (5) than buy new shelves, the library simply moved the old ones closer to the windows. By June, evening visits were nearly twice what they had been in March.
(1) A. very B. far C. too D. quite
(2) A. fewer B. less C. little D. least
(3) A. more B. less C. rather D. better
(4) A. as long as B. so long C. longer D. longest
(5) A. More B. Rather C. Other D. Better
解析
(1) B far。空後是brighter than,需能修飾比較級的程度副詞;very / too / quite 只修飾原級,far 可修飾比較級,譯「亮得多」。(2) B less。electricity 不可數,比較級用 less;fewer 只配可數複數,little 是原級(此處需與前文 brighter 形成對照的比較級),least 是最高級且語意不通。(3) A more。more A than B 表「與其說 B,不如說 A」;此處譯「與其說為了好看,不如說為了舒適」,與後句「能連續待兩小時不眼疲勞」呼應。C 項 rather 不能直接構成 rather for … than for …(應為 rather than,且後接並列成分),B 項 less 會把語義倒過來。(4) A as long as。as long as + 時間段 表「長達…」,同級比較結構;so long 用於否定句 not so long as,longer 後缺 than,longest 為最高級且不合語境。(5) B Rather。rather than + 動詞原形 表「而不是」,與後面 buy(原形,非 buying / bought)嚴格對應;more than / other than / better than 均無「而非」這一層且搭配不同。
全文回譯:上學期閱覽室翻新了。新燈比舊燈亮得多,用電卻更少。林老師說,這次改動與其說為了好看,不如說為了舒適:讀者應當能連續待上兩小時而不覺眼疲勞。圖書館沒有買新書架,而是把舊書架挪到了靠窗的位置。到六月,晚間到館人次幾乎是三月的兩倍。
答案 (1) B (2) B (3) A (4) A (5) B
採分點 每空 1 分:選出答案 0.5 分、寫出結構依據 0.5 分;(1)(2)(5) 三空須點明形式依據,只寫字母不給滿分。
易錯點 (1) 選 very(受漢語「很亮」干擾);(2) 選 fewer(只看中文「更少」,不看名詞可數性);(3) 選 rather(把 rather than 的固定搭配拆開套用);(4) 選 longer(忽略後面缺 than);(5) 選 Other(other than 表「除了」,語義不符)。
題2
題2 倍數表達改寫(完成句子)
原句:By June, evening visits were nearly twice what they had been in March.
用 as many as 結構改寫該句,保持句意不變;並說明 twice more than 為什麼不宜用來表達同一意思。
解析
改寫:By June, evening visits were nearly twice as many as (they had been) in March.as many as 中第一個 as 是程度副詞、第二個 as 是連詞,中間用形容詞原級 many(因 visits 可數);倍數詞 twice / three times 必須放在第一個 as 之前。
twice more than 字面是「比…多兩倍」,按嚴格理解等於原來的三倍,與 twice as many as(兩倍)不等值,考試中屬歧義表達,不宜用來替換。穩妥寫法只有兩種:倍數 + as + 原級 + as 與 倍數 + what 從句。另需注意 twice 不與 times 疊用(不寫 twice times)。
答案 改寫:By June, evening visits were nearly twice as many as (they had been) in March. 說明:twice more than 按嚴格理解是三倍,與兩倍不等值,屬歧義表達。
採分點 改寫 2 分(as many as 結構 1 分、倍數詞位置 1 分);歧義說明 2 分(指出倍數差 1 分、給出兩種穩妥寫法 1 分)。
易錯點 寫成 twice as many visitors than…(as/than 混用);把 many 換成 much(visits 可數);漏掉倍數詞位置,寫成 as many as twice;把 what 從句誤認為定語從句而改寫時保留 what。
三、規律小結與對照表
| 結構 | 形式信號 | 可用詞/排除詞 |
|---|---|---|
| 修飾比較級 | ___ + adj.-er + than | far / much / even / still / a lot;排除 very, quite, too, so |
| 同級比較否定 | not ___ adj. (as …) | as;否定句可用 so,但 so…as 不用於肯定 |
| 數量比較 | 不可數名詞 + 比較級 | less;可數複數用 fewer |
| 取捨結構 | ___ than + 動詞原形 | rather than;排除 other than(除了)、more than(超過) |
| 倍數 | 倍數 + as + 原級 + as / 倍數 + what 從句 | twice as many as;避免 twice more than 的歧義 |
比較結構題的分數幾乎全在「形式」上:先看空格後是原級還是比較級、名詞可數不可數、動詞是原形還是 -ing,選項往往一眼就能砍掉兩個。先定結構、再定詞義,比反覆讀譯文省時間。本篇短文、情境、數據與選項均為原創自編示意內容。
四、自測清單
- 圈出空格後的比較級標誌 -er / than,先判斷誰能修飾它
- 遇名詞先判可數性:不可數 less、可數複數 fewer
- 見 ___ than + 動詞原形,優先試 rather than
- 倍數詞放在第一個 as 之前,中間一律用原級
- 做完後把五個答案代回全文通讀一遍,檢查語義方向有沒有被顛倒