題目性質:自編仿真題——題目、材料、選項、數據與情境均為按課程標準與聯招常見考點獨立編寫的原創仿真題,非真題原文,未取自任何題庫、教輔或試卷;解析與採分點為教研整理,非官方評分標準。
一、考點定位與做題順序
做代詞空只有兩步:①回上一句(有時上兩句)圈出先行詞;②判三件事——單數還是複數、是「同一個」還是「同類另一個」、是泛指還是特指。三步一判,四個選項通常只剩一個。
常見分工:it=上文那一個(同一物);one=同類中的另一個(泛指單數,可加 a/the/this 修飾);that=同類中的特指(常帶 of 或後置修飾,替代不可數或單數名詞);they/them=複數先行詞。下面短文為自編示意文本。
二、題目呈現
自編短文(示意,7 空)
The school workshop kept two old benches. The (1) ____ by the window had a cracked leg, so Ms. Rao asked us to repair (2) ____ before the open day. I had never fixed (3) ____ like that before, but she lent me a clamp and said the trick was patience rather than speed. A new bench would have been easier to buy; (4) ____, she said, would not have taught us anything. By noon the leg held firm. The clamp was mine, but the idea behind (5) ____ was hers. Later, two visitors asked whether we had made the benches ourselves, and we told (6) ____ the whole story. One of (7) ____ even left a note on the repaired leg.
各空選項見「分步解析」逐空給出。
題1(簡答)
寫出第 (1)(2)(5) 空的先行詞分別是什麼,並說明第 (4) 空為什麼不能填 it。
題2(填空)
完成 7 空,每空寫出一條上下文線索。
三、分步解析
題1 (1) 空修飾語 by the window 把範圍從 two old benches 縮到「靠窗那一件」,先行詞是 two old benches 中的一張,故用 one(同類特指化);(2) 空的先行詞是 the cracked leg / 那張靠窗的長凳,指代上文同一個對象;(5) 空 the idea behind ____ 的先行詞是 the clamp(點子附在這件工具所代表的做法上),指同一物用 it。第(4)空若填 it,就會變成「買一張新長凳這件事不會教我們什麼」——但前句已用 A new bench 作主語,此處需要的是與「修」相對、指代「買一張新凳」這一同類替代的泛指,且後文 would not have taught us anything 是對「另一條路」的評價,故用 one(= buying a new one)才與 rather than 的對照結構閉合;it 會把兩句粘成同一件事,邏輯塌掉。
(1) one A. one B. it C. that D. they。線索:two old benches + by the window 的限定 → 從兩張裡挑一張,是「同類中的一個」,用 one;it 不能直接接 by the window 作後置限定(應寫 the one by the window 的省略式,本空即填 one);that 需帶 of/後置修飾且多用於比較結構;they 與單數不符。答案 A。
(2) it A. them B. one C. it D. that。線索:repair ____ 的對象是上句剛點出的那張有裂腿的凳子,同一物、單數 → it。them 數不符;one 會變成「另修一張新的」,與 repair 矛盾;that 不用於動詞賓語指同一物。答案 C。
(3) anything / one A. anything B. it C. them D. that。線索:I had never fixed ____ like that before,否定句 + like that(像那樣的東西)需要泛指「任何一件同類東西」→ anything;若設空為 a ____ 結構則填 one。按本篇給定選項取 A(anything),指代「同類事物中的任一件」,與 never 構成「從沒修過這類東西」。答案 A。
(4) one A. it B. one C. that D. they。線索:A new bench would have been easier to buy; ____, she said, would not have taught us anything。這裡指「買一張新凳」這條替代路徑,是同類另一個(泛指),用 one(= buying one);it 會把主語與上半句同一化,對照消失;that 需比較結構(如 that would…than…);they 數不符。答案 B。
(5) it A. one B. them C. it D. that。線索:The clamp was mine, but the idea behind ____ was hers —— behind 後指的就是這把夾子本身(同一物、單數)→ it。one 會變成「另一把夾子背後的點子」,與前半句脫節;them 數不符;that 在此不自然。答案 C。
(6) them A. him B. them C. it D. one。線索:two visitors asked… and we told ____ the whole story —— 先行詞是 two visitors(複數) → them。him/it/one 數與人數都不符。答案 B。
(7) them A. it B. one C. them D. that。線索:One of ____ even left a note —— one of 後必須接複數代詞/名詞,回指 two visitors → them。填 it/one/that 都會讓 one of 結構不成立。答案 C。
四、採分點對照
| 空號 | 答案 | 先行詞 / 線索 |
|---|---|---|
| (1) | one | two old benches 中靠窗的一張 → 同類之一 |
| (2) | it | 上句那張裂腿凳 → 同一物、單數 |
| (3) | anything | never + like that → 同類任一件(泛指) |
| (4) | one | 「買一張新凳」這條替代路徑 → 同類泛指,與 rather than 對照 |
| (5) | it | the clamp → 同一物 |
| (6) | them | two visitors → 複數 |
| (7) | them | one of + 複數,回指 two visitors |
五、高頻易錯點
- 不回上一句圈先行詞,憑「讀著順」選 it,結果把 (1)(4) 都填成 it。
- 分不清 it(同一物)與 one(同類另一個):「修它」與「另買一張」差一個字。
- 忽略數:two visitors 卻填 him/it;one of 後面接單數代詞導致結構不成立。
- 把 that 當成萬能替代:that 多用於帶後置修飾或比較結構的特指,口語式賓語指代不用。
- 漏讀 never 與 rather than 這類信號,看不出 (3)(4) 的泛指與對照。
- 填完不通讀,(5) 若填 one,通讀時會發現「夾子是我的,另一把夾子背後的點子是她的」明顯斷裂。
六、小結與自查清單
| 代詞 | 指代關係 | 典型信號 |
|---|---|---|
| it | 上文同一個(單數/不可數) | repair it / behind it |
| one | 同類中另一個(泛指單數) | a new one / one by the window |
| that | 同類特指,常帶修飾或比較 | that of… / larger than that |
| they / them | 複數先行詞 | two visitors / one of them |
| anything / something | 否定、疑問中的泛指 | never fixed anything like that |
- □ 每空先圈上一句的先行詞,寫在草稿上再選。
- □ 判三件事:數、是否同一物、泛指還是特指。
- □ 遇到 one of 立刻確認後面必須是複數。
- □ 遇到 rather than / instead / a new… 先想「是不是同類替代」。
- □ 否定句與疑問句優先考慮 anything / something 一類泛指。
- □ 帶答案通讀,檢查指代對象有沒有中途換人換物。
代詞空的分不在語法,在「你有沒有把上一段還留在腦子裡」。it 把同一件東西接住,one 把話題換到同類的另一件,they/them 把複數對象接住——圈出先行詞再判數與特指,四個選項基本自己就分開了。本篇短文、設空與選項均為原創自編仿真內容。