題目性質：自編仿真題——題目、材料、選項、數據與情境均為按課程標準與聯招常見考點獨立編寫的原創仿真題，非真題原文，未取自任何題庫、教輔或試卷；解析與採分點為教研整理，非官方評分標準。
一、考點定位與做題順序
遇到謂語設空，先別數「離得最近的那個名詞」。英語主謂一致看的是主語的中心詞，而命題人最愛在中心詞和謂語之間塞進介詞短語、同位語或並列結構，把視線引開。做題固定三步：一找謂語空（確認這一空填的是動詞，不是名詞或形容詞）；二剝修飾（劃掉 with / together with / as well as / of / along with 引出的成分）；三定中心詞（剩下的名詞是單數、複數還是不可數，再決定 is/are、was/were、has/have）。
三條硬規則先記住：就遠（A as well as B → 看 A）、就近（either A or B / not only A but also B → 看 B）、the number of + 複數名詞謂語用單數，a number of + 複數名詞謂語用複數。下面短文為自編示意文本，社團、人數、日期與活動數據均虛構。
二、逐題精講
題1
題1 八空完形（每空從括號內二選一）
自編校園通訊：The reading club, together with two other student groups, (1) ___(is / are) holding a book fair this week. A number of volunteers (2) ___(has / have) signed up, but the number of free desks (3) ___(is / are) still limited. Neither the coordinator nor the two assistants (4) ___(was / were) aware of the change in schedule, so either the assistants or the coordinator (5) ___(has / have) to reprint the list. Not only the posters but also the sign-up sheet (6) ___(was / were) updated yesterday. Two thirds of the donated books (7) ___(is / are) in Chinese, while the rest of the collection (8) ___(comes / come) from the school library. Here (9) ___(is / are) two notices for anyone who (10) ___(want / wants) to help.
寫出 1–10 空的正確形式，並標出每空所依據的規則（就遠／就近／the number of／a number of／分數與 of 後名詞／倒裝句主語在後／定語從句先行詞）。
解析
逐空：① is（就遠：中心詞 The reading club 單數，together with two other student groups 是介詞短語，劃掉）；② have（a number of volunteers＝「若干志願者」，中心詞 volunteers 複數）；③ is（the number of free desks＝「桌子的數量」，中心詞 number 單數）；④ were（neither…nor 就近，看 the two assistants 複數；且後文「change in schedule」為過去事件，用過去式）；⑤ has（either…or 就近，看 the coordinator 單數）；⑥ was（not only…but also 就近，看 the sign-up sheet 單數；yesterday 定過去式）；⑦ are（分數 + of + 複數名詞 books，謂語隨 books）；⑧ comes（the rest of + 單數/集合概念 the collection，謂語隨 collection；此處 collection 作整體，用單數）；⑨ are（Here 引導倒裝，真正主語是後面的 two notices，複數）；⑩ wants（定語從句先行詞 anyone 為不定代詞，謂語用單數）。互驗：把每空的修飾成分用括號括起來讀一遍——① The reading club (together with…) is；② A number of volunteers have；③ The number (of free desks) is；④ Neither the coordinator nor the two assistants were；⑤ either the assistants or the coordinator has；⑥ Not only the posters but also the sign-up sheet was；⑦ Two thirds of the donated books are；⑧ the rest of the collection comes；⑨ Here are two notices；⑩ anyone who wants。十空全部能回譯成「中心詞 + 謂語」的最短結構，沒有一空靠「離得近」判斷。
答案 1 is｜2 have｜3 is｜4 were｜5 has｜6 was｜7 are｜8 comes｜9 are｜10 wants。規則依次為：就遠、a number of、the number of、neither…nor 就近、either…or 就近、not only…but also 就近、分數隨 of 後複數名詞、the rest of 隨單數集合名詞、Here 倒裝主語在後、anyone 不定代詞單數。
採分點 每空 0.5 分（形式與規則各半）；① 能劃掉 together with 短語 1 分；②③ 能說出 a/the number of 的中心詞差別 1 分；④⑤⑥ 三處就近各 1 分；⑦⑧ 分數與 the rest of 各 1 分；⑨ 指出倒裝主語在後 1 分；⑩ 指出 anyone 單數 1 分。
易錯點 ① 看到 two other student groups 就近選 are；②③ 把 a number of 與 the number of 混為一談；④ 把 neither…nor 當成「兩者都不」一律用單數；⑥ 看到 posters 複數就選 were；⑦ 把 two thirds 當單數；⑨ 見 Here 就填 is；⑩ 被 anyone who 的 who 帶偏填 want。
題2
題2 三類干擾項辨析與改錯
(1) 改寫下列句子，使主謂一致，並說明改動依據：① The captain, as well as his crew, were praised. ② A number of pages is missing. ③ The number of applicants have doubled. ④ Neither the students nor the teacher were late.
(2) 自編完形干擾項：「Three quarters of the equipment ___ (was / were) moved to the new lab.」應選哪一個？若把 equipment 換成 instruments，答案是否變化？請說明「of 後名詞可數性」如何決定謂語。
解析
(1) ① The captain, as well as his crew, was praised.（就遠：主語中心詞 The captain 單數，as well as his crew 是附加成分，逗號也提示它是插入語）。② A number of pages are missing.（a number of＝若干，中心詞 pages 複數）。③ The number of applicants has doubled.（the number of＝…的數量，中心詞 number 單數；has doubled 保持現在完成）。④ Neither the students nor the teacher was late.（就近：看 the teacher 單數；若調換語序成 Neither the teacher nor the students，則謂語改為 were——這正是就近原則的判據）。(2) 選 was：equipment 為不可數名詞，three quarters of + 不可數名詞，謂語用單數（分數本身不決定單複數）。換成 instruments（可數複數）後答案變為 were，因為 of 後的名詞成了複數可數。規律：分數/百分數/part of / the rest of / most of + of 短語，謂語隨 of 後名詞的可數性與數；若 of 後是集合名詞且強調整體，用單數，強調成員則可用複數（英式用法），答題時按題幹給定的「整體/成員」口徑寫明即可，不武斷給唯一答案。
答法提示：改錯題必須同時寫出「改後的形式」與「中心詞是什麼」；只改不說依據，採分點丟一半。
答案 (1) ① was（就遠，中心詞 captain）② are（a number of，中心詞 pages）③ has（the number of，中心詞 number）④ was（就近，看 teacher；調換語序則 were）。(2) was（equipment 不可數）；換 instruments 後為 were；分數/百分數/the rest of 的謂語隨 of 後名詞。
採分點 四句改後形式各 1 分；四句中心詞依據各 1 分；④ 能說明調換語序後答案變化 1 分；(2) 選 was 1 分；替換後改 were 1 分；點明「分數不決定、of 後名詞決定」1 分；集合名詞整體/成員口徑說明 1 分。
易錯點 把 as well as 當成 and 一律用複數；改③時順手把 has doubled 改成 have doubled 之外的時態；④ 只記「neither…nor 用單數」而不看就近；(2) 見 three quarters 就填 were；把 equipment 當成可數複數加 s。
三、規律小結與對照表
| 結構 | 自編示例 | 中心詞 | 謂語 | 規則 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| A as well as B | The club, as well as two groups, … | A（club） | is | 就遠 |
| A together with B | together with two other student groups | A | is | 就遠 |
| either A or B | either the assistants or the coordinator | B | has | 就近 |
| neither A nor B | Neither the coordinator nor the two assistants | B | were | 就近 |
| not only A but also B | Not only the posters but also the sheet | B | was | 就近 |
| a number of + 複數 | A number of volunteers | volunteers | have | 複數 |
| the number of + 複數 | The number of free desks | number | is | 單數 |
| 分數 + of + 複數 | Two thirds of the donated books | books | are | 隨 of 後 |
| 分數 + of + 不可數 | Three quarters of the equipment | equipment | was | 單數 |
| the rest of + 整體 | the rest of the collection | collection | comes | 單數 |
| Here 倒裝 | Here are two notices | two notices | are | 主語在後 |
| 不定代詞 | anyone who wants | anyone | wants | 單數 |
主謂一致設空，本質上是一次「把主語削到最短」的練習：先圈謂語空，再用括號劃掉所有介詞短語與插入語，剩下的那個詞才是中心詞。就遠、就近、a/the number of、of 後名詞可數性、Here 倒裝——五條規則覆蓋絕大多數設空。切記「離謂語最近的名詞」常常正是命題人放的那個誘餌。本短文的社團、人數、日期與活動數據均為自編示意，不代表真實統計。
四、自測清單
- □ 先確認該空填的是謂語動詞，再看主語；
- □ 用括號劃掉 with / together with / as well as / of 引出的修飾成分；
- □ 就遠（A as well as B）與就近（either…or）分開記，不混用；
- □ 每見 a number of / the number of 先圈冠詞再定中心詞；
- □ 分數、百分數、the rest of 一律看 of 後名詞的可數性與數；
- □ Here / There 倒裝句先找後面的真正主語；
- □ 定語從句（anyone who…）的謂語隨先行詞，不隨從句裡的近鄰名詞。
