聯招英語·that 兩職：定語從句缺成分，同位語從句不缺

題目性質：自編仿真題——題目、材料、選項、數據與情境均為按課程標準與聯招常見考點獨立編寫的原創仿真題，非真題原文，未取自任何題庫、教輔或試卷；解析與採分點為教研整理，非官方評分標準。

一、考點定位與做題順序

同一個 that，在定語從句裡是關係代詞，必須在從句裡充當主語或賓語；在同位語從句裡只是連詞，從句本身主謂賓齊全。判別只要一步：把 that 後面的句子單獨抽出來，看缺不缺成分。

自編示意語篇共 12 空：定語從句 3、同位語從句 3、賓語從句 3、強調句 3。語篇為自編示意，不代表真實材料。

二、逐題精講

題1

題1　給 12 個空判斷 that 的職能，並說明「the news that we won」與「the news that spread fast」差在哪。

自編示意語篇：The news ___ our team won spread fast. The note ___ he left on the desk was short. We heard ___ the meeting had moved. It was the map ___ showed the route. The idea ___ the plan could fail worried us. The file ___ I borrowed is back. She said ___ the data were clean. It was yesterday ___ the error was found. The fact ___ the sample was small matters. The chart ___ they drew is here. We believed ___ the result held. It was the label ___ confused the reader.

解析

定語從句 3 處：the note that he left（缺賓語）、the file that I borrowed（缺賓語）、the chart that they drew（缺賓語）；the news that spread fast 裡 that 作主語，也屬這一層。同位語從句 3 處：the news that our team won、the idea that the plan could fail、the fact that the sample was small，先行詞都是抽象名詞，從句主謂賓齊全，that 不充當成分。

賓語從句 3 處：heard that、said that、believed that；強調句 3 處：It was the map that、It was yesterday that、It was the label that，去掉 It was…that 框架後句子仍完整。合計 3+3+3+3=12 閉合。

判據是「抽出來看缺不缺成分」而不是「前面是不是名詞」：the news 後面兩可，從句缺主語（spread 前沒主語）就是定語從句，從句完整（our team won 主謂齊全）就是同位語從句。

答案　定語從句 3；同位語從句 3；賓語從句 3；強調句 3；合計 12

採分點　四類歸類各 1 分；抽句缺成分判據 2 分；先行詞抽象名詞 2 分；兩可辨析 1 分；合計回代 1 分

易錯點　把同位語從句的 that 當關系代詞；只看先行詞是名詞就判定從

題2

題2　12 個自編示意句中，判斷哪些是同位語從句，填序號；若把 2 處定語從句誤收，誤判率是多少？

①The news that our team won　②The note that he left　③The idea that the plan could fail　④It was the map that showed the route　⑤The fact that the sample was small　⑥We heard that the meeting moved　⑦The news that spread fast　⑧The file that I borrowed　⑨The belief that the result held　⑩She said that the data were clean　⑪It was yesterday that the error was found　⑫The chart that they drew

解析

同位語從句共 4 句，為 ①③⑤⑨：先行詞 news/idea/fact/belief 都是抽象名詞，從句 our team won、the plan could fail、the sample was small、the result held 都成分完整。②⑦⑧⑫ 是定語從句（that 作賓語或主語），⑥⑩ 是賓語從句，④⑪ 是強調句。

誤收 ②⑦ 兩處後，命中變 4+2=6 句，誤判率 = 2/12 = 16.7%（分母固定為 12 句，不是 4 句）。回代核驗：4 + 2 = 6；3+3+3+3=12=12 四類閉合。

再驗判據：① 與 ⑦ 先行詞同為 the news，但 ① 從句完整、⑦ 從句缺主語，一個同位語一個定語，正是本題要分開的兩職。

答案　同位語 ①③⑤⑨；按樣本表命中 4 句，誤收 2 句後 6 句，誤判率 16.7%

採分點　四句判定 2 分；同先行詞兩職辨析 2 分；分母口徑 1 分；命中與誤判率回代 2 分；口徑固定 1 分

易錯點　把 the news that spread fast 收成同位語；用命中數當分母

三、規律小結與對照表

小結：把 that 後的句子抽出來看缺不缺成分，先行詞只作輔助。12 空四類各 3，誤收 2 句即 16.7% 誤判率。語篇為自編示意。

四、自測清單

• 能分出定語從句與同位語從句
• 會用抽句缺成分判據
• 知道同位語先行詞多為抽象名詞
• 能辨析同先行詞下的兩職
• 能識別強調句框架
• 能按固定分母回代誤判率