聯招英語·完形填空：時間順序與階段信號詞

題目性質：自編仿真題——題目、材料、選項、數據與情境均為按課程標準與聯招常見考點獨立編寫的原創仿真題，非真題原文，未取自任何題庫、教輔或試卷；解析與採分點為教研整理，非官方評分標準。

一、考點定位與做題順序

過程類完形先做一件事：在草稿上畫時間軸，把 first / then / after that / once / by the time / eventually / in the end / looking back 這些信號詞標到軸上。每個空先問「這一步在軸上的位置」，再比詞義；很多選項單看都通順，一放到順序裡就露出矛盾。

四類信號分工要分清：起始（initially, at first, to begin with）、推進（then, next, subsequently, once…）、結果/終點（eventually, finally, by the time…）、回顧/評價（in retrospect, looking back, by then）。特別注意 at first 常與後面的轉折配對（At first…, but later…），by the time 要求主句用完成態。下面短文為自編示意語篇。

二、題目呈現

自編語篇（示意，設空 1–8）

Our class set out to test whether shade changes soil moisture. (1)______ , we marked six equal plots and watered them equally. (2)______ the first week, every reading looked the same, and several of us wanted to stop. (3)______ we checked the labels, however, we found that three plots had been placed under a tree without our noticing.

(4)______ that, we moved the shaded plots into open ground and restarted the count. (5)______ the second week the differences were small but steady. (6)______ , by the fifth week the shaded plots held visibly more moisture, and the graph finally separated into two lines.

(7)______ the project ended, we had recorded forty-two readings. (8)______ , the most useful lesson was not the result but the label check.

【備選詞庫】A. Initially B. During C. Once D. After E. Throughout F. Eventually G. By the time H. In retrospect I. At the end J. Before K. Meanwhile L. Finally

題1 順序還原（排序）

Put the four events in the correct order according to the passage: ① restarting the count ② marking six plots ③ finding the label problem ④ the graph separating into two lines.

A. ②③①④　B. ②①③④　C. ③②①④　D. ①③②④

題2 設空 1–8 選詞（從詞庫中選，每詞限用一次）

1 ______　2 ______　3 ______　4 ______　5 ______　6 ______　7 ______　8 ______

題3 干擾項歸因（簡答）

Explain why «Finally» is wrong for blank (6), why «At the end» is wrong for blank (7), and why «At first» would be wrong for blank (8). One reason each.

三、分步解析

題1　A：② 先「marked six equal plots」→ ③ 第一週讀數全同、檢查標籤時「found that three plots had been placed under a tree」→ ① 「moved the shaded plots… and restarted the count」→ ④ 「by the fifth week… the graph finally separated」。B 把「重啟計數」放到「發現標籤問題」之前、C 把發現問題放在最前、D 把重啟計數置於畫標記之前，三者的因果或先後都與原文衝突；只有 A 符合「先標記 → 讀數相同 → 查標籤發現問題 → 移走並重啟 → 第五週圖線分開」。

題2　1 A Initially：與「set out to」呼應，標起始；2 B During：during the first week 表「在第一週期間」，Throughout 也可表貫穿，但留給它處更貼；3 C Once：once we checked the labels＝「一查標籤就……」，與 however 後的轉折配套；4 D After：after that 承接上一步，引出「移走＋重啟」；5 E Throughout：throughout the second week 表「整個第二週」讀數小而穩，與期間持續的狀態相合；6 F Eventually：由第二週到第五週、由「small but steady」到「visibly more」，是漸進後的最終結果，用 eventually；7 G By the time：by the time the project ended, we had recorded…，與主句過去完成時嚴格配對；8 H In retrospect：末句是回望式評價「最有用的教訓不是結果而是查標籤」，用回顧信號。

題3　① Finally 多用於列舉最後一項或一連串動作的收尾（Finally, we packed up），而空 (6) 強調的是經過數週漸變後出現的結果，且後文還有 (7)(8) 兩步繼續，時間軸並未到終點，故用 Eventually 更準。② At the end 通常構成 at the end of + 名詞短語（at the end of the project），不直接引導從句，也不要求主句用完成態；而空 (7) 後是從句 the project ended 且主句為 had recorded，只有 By the time 能同時滿足「引導從句」與「過去完成時」兩件。歸因落在「介詞結構」與「時態搭配」兩件上。③ At first 屬起始信號，常與 later/but 配對，而空 (8) 位於全文末尾、是對已結束項目的回望評價，軸上位置在終點之後，故只能用 In retrospect；用 At first 會把評價誤標成開端。

四、採分點對照

五、高頻易錯點

• 不畫時間軸就逐空比詞義，把 After that 填到發現問題的位置，因果倒置。
• 把 Finally 與 Eventually 混用：前者收束一串動作，後者強調漸變後的結果。
• 忽略 by the time 與過去完成時的強制配對，選了 At the end 之類。
• 把 In retrospect 誤當「首先」，末尾評價句被標成開端。
• 看到 during / throughout 都表示「期間」就隨便選，不看後面接的是「某一週」還是「整段持續狀態」。

六、小結與自查清單

• □ 先畫時間軸，把遇見的信號詞逐一標上去。
• □ 每個空先定「軸上位置」，再比詞義；位置不符直接排除。
• □ 見到 by the time 立刻檢查主句是否完成態。
• □ 末尾若出現評價、教訓、感悟，優先判回顧信號。
• □ 做完按軸通讀一遍，確認事件因果順序沒有倒置。

過程類完形的難點從來不是詞，是順序：把 first → during → once → after that → throughout → eventually → by the time → in retrospect 這條軸畫出來，八個空幾乎各就各位。養成「先定位、再選詞」，比逐個摳詞義省一半力氣。本篇記錄、設空、選項與解析均為原創自編仿真內容。