聯招英語·完形填空：介詞＋關係代詞與定語從句設空

題目性質：自編仿真題——題目、材料、選項、數據與情境均為按課程標準與聯招常見考點獨立編寫的原創仿真題，非真題原文，未取自任何題庫、教輔或試卷；解析與採分點為教研整理，非官方評分標準。

一、考點定位與做題順序

做這類空，先把從句還原成一個完整句，介詞就自己浮出來了：the room in which the cards were kept → 還原為 the cards were kept in the room；the colleague for whom the note was left → the note was left for the colleague。判據永遠是從句內部的搭配，不是中文語感。

三條硬規則：① 介詞＋whom/which 結構裡不能用 that、不能用 who（in that 另有「因為」義，不指代詞）；② whose ＝ 先行詞的「…的」，後面直接跟名詞，可指人也可指物；③ 非限制性從句用逗號隔開，不能用 that，且 which 可指代整個前句。下面短文為自編示意文本，館名、人物與數字均為虛構。

二、逐題精講

題1

題1 八空完形（每空四選一）

自編短文：The town archive keeps a small drawer (1)____ old readers' cards are filed. The drawer, (2)____ lid was repaired last spring, sits beside a desk (3)____ visitors once signed their names. Ms Ren, (4)____ the register was kept for many years, still remembers the week (5)____ the shelf labels were changed.

There is a ruled form (6)____ each request had to be written; the clerk (7)____ it was handed then fetched the volume. The whole procedure, (8)____ took about twelve minutes on busy days, was replaced in 2024 by open shelves.

(1) A. which　B. in which　C. that　D. whose
(2) A. which　B. that　C. whose　D. of which
(3) A. where　B. which　C. on which　D. in which
(4) A. by whom　B. for whom　C. who　D. to whom
(5) A. which　B. when　C. that　D. on which
(6) A. in which　B. on which　C. which　D. by which
(7) A. whom　B. to whom　C. who　D. for whom
(8) A. that　B. which　C. what　D. it

解析

(2) C (whose)。 the drawer, ____ lid was repaired… 需要「抽屜的蓋子」，whose lid 最簡潔。of which the lid 也合語法但選項寫成 of which 後直接接 lid（of which lid was repaired）不成立；which/that 不能表所屬，且非限制性從句排除 that。

(3) C (on which)。 先行詞 desk，還原 visitors once signed their names on the desk（在桌面上簽名）→ on which。where 雖可指地點，但「在桌上」用 on 更準，且 where 無法體現「在…表面上」；in which 會成「在桌子裡」。

(4) A (by whom)。 the register was kept by Ms Ren（登記冊由她保管）→ by whom。for whom 是「為她保管」，to whom 是「交給她」，都改了關係；who 在介詞後不可用（且從句已有主語 the register，缺的是施事狀語）。

(5) B (when)。 先行詞 the week，從句 the shelf labels were changed during/in the week，時間狀語用 when（＝ during which）。on which 只配具體某天，不配 week；which/that 在從句裡缺成分。

(6) B (on which)。 each request had to be written on a ruled form（寫在表格上）→ on which。in which 是「寫在表格裡」不合搭配；by which 表手段，會變成「靠表格被寫」。

(7) B (to whom)。 it was handed to the clerk（表格被遞給店員）→ to whom。hand sth to sb 是固定雙賓結構，被動後仍留 to；for whom 是「替他遞」，whom 缺介詞，who 不能跟在介詞後。

(8) B (which)。 逗號後的非限制性從句，which 指代整個前句「The whole procedure」，作從句主語（which took about twelve minutes）。that 不能引導非限制性從句；what 不能引導定語從句；it 會造成兩個分句無連接詞（逗號拼接）。

回讀驗：把八個答案代回，五個介詞全部能還原成完整句（in the drawer / on the desk / by Ms Ren / on the form / to the clerk），三個非限制性從句（2、4、8）都用逗號且無 that，無一處懸空。

答案　(1) B　(2) C　(3) C　(4) A　(5) B　(6) B　(7) B　(8) B

採分點　每空 1 分；每空寫出「還原後的完整句」判據另計 0.5；指出介詞後不用 that/who 1 分；指出非限制性從句不用 that 1 分；第(8)空說明 which 指代整個前句 1 分；整體回讀驗證 1 分。

易錯點　見「介詞」就隨便配，不看從句動詞搭配（把 on the desk 寫成 in which）；把 whose 後漏接名詞；非限制性從句裡選 that；第(4)空把 by whom 寫成 for whom，把「保管」改成「代管」；第(7)空漏掉 hand sth to sb 的 to；第(8)空選 it 造成逗號拼接。

題2

題2 介詞還原改錯與限制性/非限制性辨析

(1) 下面三句各有一處關係結構錯誤，指出並改正，寫出還原句：①「The drawer which the cards are filed is small.」②「Ms Ren, for who the register was kept, still remembers it.」③「The procedure, that took twelve minutes, was replaced.」(2) 把「The shelf labels were changed in that week.」併成一句含限制性定語從句的話，再併成一句含非限制性的話，說明兩者在信息預設上的差別。

解析

(2) 限制性：The week when the shelf labels were changed was the one Ms Ren remembered.（或 The week in which…）——無逗號，從句用來界定是哪一週，去掉它「the week」所指不明。
非限制性：That week, when the shelf labels were changed, was unusually busy.——有逗號，先行詞已被 That week 指明，從句只是補充一個已知信息，去掉後主句仍完整。
信息預設差別：限制性從句提供識別信息（聽者不知道是哪一週，靠從句縮小範圍），朗讀不停頓、書寫不加逗號；非限制性從句提供附帶信息（聽者已經知道是哪一週，說話人順帶補一句），有逗號、語調有停頓，且不能用 that、不能省關係詞。這一差別正是完形裡逗號設空的判分點：看到逗號，先劃掉所有含 that 的選項。

可遷移的動作：每遇關係空，先做三件事——圈先行詞、把從句還原成完整句、看有沒有逗號；介詞由還原句裡的搭配定，that 由逗號定，whose 由「後面是不是直接跟名詞」定。

答案　(1) ① which→in which（還原 filed in the drawer）；② for who→for whom / by whom（介詞後用賓格，且語義為「由她保管」）；③ that→which（非限制性不用 that）。(2) 限制性無逗號、從句作識別信息；非限制性有逗號、作附帶補充，先行詞已明確，且不用 that、不省關係詞。

採分點　① 改介詞並寫出還原句 1 分；② 指出 who→whom 與介詞語義兩處 1 分；③ 指出非限制性排除 that 1 分；說明去逗號後語義變化 1 分；限制性句子正確 1 分；非限制性句子正確 1 分；信息預設差別（識別 vs 附帶）1 分；「逗號→先劃掉 that」的動作 1 分。

易錯點　① 只加 in 不改 which 的位置，寫成 in which 卻仍把 cards 當主語卻漏掉介詞；② 只改 whom 不檢查介詞是否合語義；③ 改成 which 卻仍保留 that；限制性/非限制性只說「一個逗號一個沒逗號」，不講信息預設；非限制性句子裡用 that 或省略關係詞。

三、規律小結與對照表

定語從句設空，答案几乎都藏在「把從句還原成一句完整的話」裡：in the drawer、on the desk、by Ms Ren、to the clerk，介詞一個個自己冒出來；再瞄一眼有沒有逗號，就能劃掉所有 that。最容易錯的不是不認識 which，而是憑中文「在…裡」硬套 in，或者忘了介詞後必須用 whom。圈先行詞、還原從句、看逗號，三步走完就穩了。本篇館名、人物與十二分鐘均為自編示意。

四、自測清單

• □ 先圈先行詞，再判斷指人/指物/指整句；
• □ 把從句還原成完整句，介詞從搭配裡取，不靠語感；
• □ 介詞後只用 whom/which，劃掉 that 與 who；
• □ whose 後面必須直接跟名詞，表「…的」；
• □ 見到逗號＝非限制性，先排除 that，且不省關係詞；
• □ 代回通讀，檢查每個介詞都能還原、沒有逗號拼接。