題目性質:自編仿真題——題目、材料、選項、數據與情境均為按課程標準與聯招常見考點獨立編寫的原創仿真題,非真題原文,未取自任何題庫、教輔或試卷;解析與採分點為教研整理,非官方評分標準。
一、考點定位與做題順序
這類空的第一步永遠是回到上文,把被比較或被回指的兩項找出來並編號:先出現的是 the former,後出現的是 the latter;順序一錯,後面全錯。第二步看空的句法位置:是作主語/賓語(需名詞性替代)、修飾名詞(such / the same + n.),還是替代整個分句(so / do so)。
四組硬規則:① the former … the latter … 只能用於明確兩項;三項以上用 the first / the last。② such 作限定詞時接名詞(such a rule / such rules),作代詞時可單用;the same 強調「同一/相同」,常與 as 連用。③ so 可替代整個前文分句(I think so、if so),也可在 do so 中替代動詞短語。④ similarly / likewise 是比較性連接副詞,常需逗號或分號,不指具體名詞。下面短文為自編示意文本。
二、逐題精講
題1
題1 五空完形
自編說明短文:Two plans were put forward: a longer opening hour and a second reading room. (1) costs little but helps only late users; (2) serves everyone but needs a new space. The committee discussed (3) a proposal for weeks and finally dropped it. Members who still wanted (4) arrangement were asked to write it down. One tutor said the timetable would have to change, and the minutes recorded (5).
(1) A. The latter B. The former C. Such D. The same
(2) A. The former B. The latter C. So D. Similarly
(3) A. so B. such C. the same D. similarly
(4) A. so B. such a C. the same D. the latter
(5) A. such B. the former C. so D. the same
解析
先編號:① a longer opening hour(延長開放時間);② a second reading room(第二間閱覽室)。(1) B. The former。「花費很少、但只幫到晚間使用者」顯然對應①延長開放時間,是先出現的那一項,用 The former。The latter 會指到需要新場地的第二間閱覽室,與 costs little 矛盾。
(2) B. The latter。「服務所有人但需要新空間」對應②,用 The latter。與 (1) 正好成對,這是本題的設計點。
(3) B. such。「討論了這樣一項提案好幾周」,空格後是單數可數名詞 a proposal,需限定詞 such + a + n.;so 修飾形容詞/副詞不直接修飾名詞(so a proposal 不合語法),the same 需有明確同一對象,similarly 是副詞不能作限定詞。寫成 such a proposal 才完整,題幹已給出 a proposal,故選 such。
(4) C. the same。「仍想要同樣的安排的人」,與前文已提到的安排「相同」,用 the same(後接 arrangement)。such a 會變成「這樣一種安排」而非「同一安排」;so 與 the latter 在此不合句法。
(5) C. so。導師說「時間表得改」,會議記錄記下了這一整句內容——so 替代整個前文分句(recorded so = recorded that the timetable would have to change)。such 不替代整句,the former 指回兩項提案(此處無關),the same 需比較對象。
整段回譯:有人提出兩個方案:延長開放時間,和增設第二間閱覽室。前者花費很小,但只幫到晚間使用者;後者服務所有人,卻需要新場地。委員會把這樣一項提案討論了好幾周,最後擱置了它。仍希望保留同樣安排的人被請去把意見寫下來。一位導師說時間表必須改動,會議記錄把這句話記了下來。
答案 (1) B The former (2) B The latter (3) B such (4) C the same (5) C so
採分點 每空 1 分(選對 0.5 分、寫出回指對象或句法依據 0.5 分);正確給兩項編號 1 分;指出 (3) 的 such + a + n. 結構 1 分;整段回譯 1 分。
易錯點 把 (1)(2) 的 former/latter 對調(沒回上文編號,憑「後者聽起來更省」猜);把 (3) 寫成 so a proposal(so 不修飾名詞);把 (4) 寫成 such a(「這樣」≠「同一」);把 (5) 寫成 such(so 才替代整句)。
題2
題2 兩物回指與 so 替代配對(辨析)
用 the former / the latter / such / so / the same / similarly 六詞各填一次,並說明依據:
(a) Speed and accuracy were both measured; __ improved markedly, while __ stayed flat.
(b) No __ change had been expected. / (c) The second run gave __ result as the first.
(d) "Will the deadline move?" — "I believe __."
(e) Group A kept a log; __, Group B recorded every session.
另:改錯 Three options were listed; the former was cheap and the latter was fast.
解析
(a) the former → Speed;the latter → accuracy:兩項按順序編號,先 speed 後 accuracy。填 the former improved markedly, while the latter stayed flat。依據寫「先出現/後出現」即可。(b) such:No such change had been expected. such 作限定詞修飾名詞 change;注意 no such + 單數名詞不加冠詞(不說 no such a change)。
(c) the same:the same result as the first,the same … as … 是固定搭配,表「與…相同」。
(d) so:I believe so. so 替代整個問句所表達的分句(=I believe the deadline will move);否定形式為 I believe not / I don't believe so,可順帶寫。
(e) similarly:連接副詞,表「同樣地」,比較兩組做法;位置在句首且用逗號/分號與前文隔開,不指具體名詞。
改錯:Three options 是三項,the former / the latter 只能用於兩項。改為 Three options were listed; the first was cheap and the last was fast.(或 the first…the second…the third 分別列出)。要寫出「former/latter 限兩項」這條依據,只換詞不給滿分。
答案 (a) the former(speed) / the latter(accuracy);(b) such;(c) the same … as;(d) so;(e) similarly;改錯:三項不能用 former/latter,改 the first / the last。
採分點 六空各 1 分(填對+依據);no such 不加冠詞 1 分;the same…as 搭配 1 分;so 替代整句說明 1 分;改錯 1 分+「限兩項」依據 1 分。
易錯點 (a) 把速度/準確度編號弄反;(b) 寫成 no such a change;(c) 漏掉 as;(d) 寫成 I believe it(it 指物不指整句);(e) 把 similarly 當形容詞修飾名詞;改錯只改成 the first 仍保留 the latter。
三、規律小結與對照表
| 詞/結構 | 回指或替代對象 | 句法位置 |
|---|---|---|
| the former / the latter | 明確兩項中的先者 / 後者 | 作主語或賓語,常成對出現 |
| the first / the last | 三項及以上 | 序數式列舉 |
| such (a) + n. | 「這樣的」某類事物 | 限定詞,no such 後不加冠詞 |
| the same … as … | 與前文「相同/同一」 | 限定詞或代詞 |
| so / do so | 替代整個分句或動詞短語 | I think so;if so;recorded so |
| similarly / likewise | 比較性連接,不指具體名詞 | 句首副詞,常用逗號或分號 |
| 常見誤用 | 三項用 former/latter | 須改 first/last |
這類空只需要一個動作:回到上文,把被比較的兩項圈出來標 ①②,再問「空格要的是名詞性替代、限定詞,還是整句替代」。former/latter 限兩項、such 修飾名詞、so 替代整句——三條一卡,選項基本就定了。本文短文、選項與情境均為原創自編示意內容。
四、自測清單
- 先給上文出現的兩項編號,再判 former / latter
- 見三項及以上立即排除 former/latter,改 first/last
- such + (a) + 名詞;no such 後不加冠詞
- the same 常與 as 搭配,別漏介詞
- so 替代整個分句(think so / if so / recorded so),it 只指物
- similarly 是句首連接副詞,不修飾名詞;填完連讀檢查標點