題目性質:自編仿真題——題目、材料、選項、數據與情境均為按課程標準與聯招常見考點獨立編寫的原創仿真題,非真題原文,未取自任何題庫、教輔或試卷;解析與採分點為教研整理,非官方評分標準。
一、考點定位與做題順序
平行結構空先做一件事:把成對連詞的左右兩邊用豎線畫開,檢查兩邊詞性、時態、形式是否一致。not only A but also B 裡 A、B 同為名詞/同為動詞短語/同為介詞短語;either…or / neither…nor / both…and 同理。not only 置於句首時,前半分句要部分倒裝(Not only did they…, but they also…)。
再看省略與倒裝:so / neither + 助動詞 + 主語 表「也/也不」,助動詞要與前句的時態和動詞類型呼應(前句實義動詞一般過去 → did;含 be/情態/完成 → 用相應的 be/情態/have)。下面短文為自編示意文本,館名與數據均屬虛構。
二、逐題精講
題1
題1 八空完形(每空四選一)
自編短文:The reading room kept (1)____ atlases (2)____ timetables on the north wall. Visitors could (3)____ borrow a map (4)____ ask the desk to find one. (5)____ did the staff label the shelves, (6)____ they also numbered every item. The upstairs room used the same system, and (7)____ the room downstairs. Readers who came early liked the new order; (8)____ those who came later.
(1) A. not only B. either C. both D. neither
(2) A. and B. but also C. or D. nor
(3) A. either B. both C. not only D. neither
(4) A. and B. or C. but also D. nor
(5) A. Not only B. Either C. Both D. Neither
(6) A. or B. nor C. but D. and
(7) A. so did B. so was C. neither did D. so does
(8) A. neither did B. so did C. so was D. nor did
解析
(1) C (both) / (2) A (and)。 both…and… 連接兩個名詞 atlases / timetables,兩邊同為複數名詞,平行成立。若用 not only…but also 也平行,但 (2) 的選項裡 B 是 but also,與 (1) C 不配套;本題按給出的選項組合判定為 both…and。(3) A (either) / (4) B (or)。 either…or… 連接兩個動詞短語 borrow a map / ask the desk to find one,兩邊同為動詞原形(跟在 could 後),平行成立。
(5) A (Not only) / (6) C (but)。 Not only 置句首 → 前半分句部分倒裝(did the staff label,助動詞 did 提前),後半用 but (they) also…;本題 (6) 選項只給 but,句中已有 also,正是 Not only…, but…also… 的省略式。
(7) A (so did)。 前句 used the same system 是一般過去實義動詞,故倒裝用 did;so 表「也(肯定)」。不能用 so was(前句無 be)、so does(時態不符)、neither did(否定,方向反)。
(8) B (so did)。 前句 liked the new order 同為一般過去實義動詞、且為肯定,故 so did those who came later;neither/nor did 只用於承接否定句。
答案 (1) C (2) A (3) A (4) B (5) A (6) C (7) A (8) B。要點:both…and 接兩名詞、either…or 接兩動詞短語、Not only 置首須部分倒裝(did…)、but…also 省略式、so + did + 主語承接一般過去肯定句。
採分點 每空 1 分共 8 分;另計:說明兩邊詞性對稱 1 分;說明 Not only 置首的部分倒裝 1 分;說明 so/neither 的助動詞與前句時態呼應 1 分;說明 neither 只接否定 1 分。
易錯點 把 both…and 與 not only…but also 混搭成 both…but also;Not only 置首忘了倒裝(寫成 Not only the staff labelled);(7)(8) 用 so was / so does 或 neither did;(6) 填 and 使 Not only 無著落;忽略「also 已在句中」而重複。
題2
題2 改錯與結構改寫
(1) 下面三句各有一處平行結構或倒裝使用不當,請改正並說明理由:
① The room kept not only atlases but timetables on the north wall, and visitors could either borrow a map or to ask the desk.
② Not only the staff labelled the shelves, and they also numbered every item.
③ The upstairs room used the same system, and so was the room downstairs; readers who came early liked it, and neither did those who came later.
(2) 把「Not only did the staff label the shelves, but they also numbered every item」改寫成不改變事實、且不用倒裝的另一種說法,並說明改寫後哪一層語氣容易丟失。
解析
(1) ① 兩處都改:not only atlases but timetables → not only atlases but also timetables(或改用 both atlases and timetables);either borrow a map or to ask → either borrow a map or ask。後者是關鍵:either…or 兩邊必須同為動詞原形(都跟在 could 後),加 to 就破壞了平行。② Not only the staff labelled → Not only did the staff label,and → but:Not only 置句首,前半分句須部分倒裝(助動詞 did 提前、實義動詞回原形),後半固定用 but…also…。
③ so was → so did(前句 used 是一般過去實義動詞,非 be);neither did → so did(前句 liked 為肯定,承接肯定用 so,neither/nor 只接否定)。
(2) 可寫:The staff not only labelled the shelves but also numbered every item. 或 The staff labelled the shelves and numbered every item as well. 事實不變:仍是「既貼了標籤,又給每件編了號」兩項都做了。
容易丟的是「Not only 置首」帶來的強調與遞進語氣:倒裝把 not only 提到句首,使「貼標籤」先被突出、再用 but also 把「逐件編號」追加一層,讀起來是「不止…還…」。改成平鋪的 and…as well 後,兩項變成並列的等量信息,遞進與強調都淡了。另須保住 also / as well 這一「追加」標記,只寫 and numbered 會把兩層壓成一層。
答案 (1) ① 補 but also、刪 or 後的 to;② Not only did the staff label…, but…;③ so was→so did、neither did→so did。(2) The staff not only labelled… but also numbered…(或 …and…as well);易丟「不止…還…」的強調與遞進語氣及追加標記。
採分點 ① 兩處各 1 分並說明平行 1 分;② 倒裝 1 分、but 1 分;③ 兩處各 1 分、說明助動詞與前句呼應 1 分;(2) 寫出合法改寫 1 分;指出強調/遞進語氣 1 分;指出 also/as well 追加標記 1 分。
易錯點 ① 只補 but also 忘了刪 to;② 只改 and→but 而漏倒裝;③ 把肯定句也用 neither;(2) 改寫時丟 also/as well 使兩層壓成一層;把「不改變事實」誤解為「可以刪掉一項」。
三、規律小結與對照表
| 結構 | 兩邊要求 | 自編示例 | 易錯 |
|---|---|---|---|
| both…and | 同為名詞/短語 | both atlases and timetables | 混搭 but also |
| not only…but also | 兩邊同詞性 | not only atlases but also timetables | 漏 also |
| either…or | 兩邊同為動詞原形 | either borrow… or ask… | 一邊加 to |
| neither…nor | 兩邊同形且否定 | (本語篇未選) | 接肯定句 |
| Not only 置首 | 前分句部分倒裝 | Not only did the staff label… | 忘倒裝 |
| but…also | 後分句用 but | but they also numbered… | 寫成 and |
| so + 助動詞 + 主語 | 承接肯定,助動詞呼應 | so did the room downstairs | so was/does |
| neither/nor + 助動詞 | 只承接否定 | (本語篇未選) | 接肯定 |
| 一般過去實義動詞 | 助動詞用 did | used / liked → so did | 用 was/has |
| 非倒裝改寫 | 保住 also/as well | …and…as well | 遞進語氣丟失 |
平行結構空先把成對連詞左右畫開:兩邊詞性、時態、形式必須一致,either…or 後一邊加 to 就破了功。再守兩條:Not only 置句首必須部分倒裝(did 提前、動詞回原形),so/neither + 助動詞 + 主語 的助動詞要與前句時態呼應(一般過去實義動詞用 did),且 neither 只接否定。改成非倒裝句時別忘了 also / as well,否則「不止…還…」會被壓平。短文中閱覽室與兩項工作均為自編示意,不代表任何真實機構與數據。
四、自測清單
- □ 把成對連詞左右兩邊畫開,逐項比詞性、時態、形式;
- □ either…or / neither…nor 後兩邊同為動詞原形(跟在情態動詞後);
- □ Not only 置首 → 前半分句部分倒裝,動詞回原形;
- □ 後半固定 but…also…,別寫成 and;
- □ so/neither 的助動詞按前句時態與動詞類型選;
- □ 非倒裝改寫保住 also/as well 的追加語氣。